In my opinion, artists always influence our understanding of color by experience and experimentation. In particular, I think the vivid coloration of Van Gogh paintings enhance the visual impression of people. As I know, Van Gogh's paintings grew brighter in color, and he developed an unique and highly recognizable style which became fully realized during the time he stay in Arles in 1888. The color of his painting had strong contrast, less color gradients, weaken light but improved vivid coloration and emotional impact. However, Van Gogh's painting was extricated from reality. His paintings reflected the motion of himself and from the cockles of his heart. Therefore, the colors of the painting characterized intensity of color. The vibrant light in Arles inspired Van Gogh and turned into the paintings with flat, vivid color and lack perspective but contained strong and intense motion. More specifically, the experience and experimentation helped Van Gogh developed his unique gridded perspective frame. I think Van Gogh makes a perfect example to the experience and experimentation of artists influenced our understanding of color.
Road with Cypress and Star, May 1890, Kröller-Müller Museum. Self-Portrait, Spring 1887, Oil on pasteboard, 42 × 33.7 cm., Art Institute of Chicago
Boime, Albert. Vincent van Gogh: Die Sternennacht-Die Geschichte des Stoffes und der Stoff der Geschichte, Frankfurt/Mainz: Fischer, 1989 ISBN 3-596-23953-2